China, the only imperialist power of the 21st Century has created several colonies and annexed many regions till now since its inception in 1949 with the establishment of the People’s Republic of China under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
In this current era, China is occupying eight independent nations and two regions belonging to two big countries (India and Mongolia) and is in a constant tussle with them.
In these regions, China has been accused of Genocide and extreme Human Rights violations, as advocated by the United Nations and other major powers of the world, including the USA, UK, India, and France.
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These are the Nations that China has Colonized:-
1. Tibet
China took over Tibet in 1951 after the Battle of Chamdo (6th to 24th October 1950).
It was a military campaign led by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to acquire the Chamdo Region of Tibet and further went on to colonize the independent nation of Tibet with a 17-point Agreement and misused Dalai Lama to win the region. This resulted in the throwing off of the previous Tibetian Government by the PRC.
Dalai Lama, with his government, fled to India, and during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, he established a “Rival Government-in-exile”
During the “Great Leap Forward” it is estimated that about 200,000 to 1,000,000 Tibetans lost their lives in the struggle against the PRC and the Chinese military, and around 6,000 monasteries were destroyed during the “Cultural Revolution” of 1966 was an aimed plan of PRC to destroy the historic architecture of Tibet.
The tensions between India and China mounted with regions of dispute in Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin and giving shelter to Greatest Buddhist Monk and 14th Dalai Lama, added more pressure to the tensions and which resulted in the 1962 India-China War.
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 resulted in widespread protests against the PRC by the monks of Drepung and Sera.
The Human Rights Commission has shown concerns in the region. PRC and the Chinese military have been accused of restricting Freedom of Religion which stops the monks from waving the Buddhist flag, custodial deaths, illegal arrest, torture, no freedom to form associations, forced abortion, and sterilization to limit the growth of the Tibetan population.
Genocide attempts and ethnic cleansing are also open topics of discussion for the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government towards the people of Tibet.
2. Cantonia
Cantonia is an independent nation, acquired by China. It is located in the Southern part of China.
Cantonia consists of five provinces and they are Yunan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan.
“Cantonese” is the official language of Cantonia which has its origin near the Pearl River and Guangzhou.
“Yuet” is the term used to define the local population of Cantonia.
“Lingnam” is the ancient name used to define Cantonia with its capital at Canton, and since the ancient history of Cantonia, the Chinese have forcefully acquired the region and exploited it to its peak.
For example, the Guangdong region of Cantonia currently contributes the highest to the Chinese GDP.
Several times, Cantonia has declared itself as an independent nation and has even established its “Provincial Assembly”
Ho Kai, the promoter of the establishment of the Republic of Lingnam said, “Chinese of different provinces have their several distinctive characteristics, and in the distant future they are more likely to separate into distinct states than to unite into an immense nation.”
The Chinese troops, trained by the soviets post the First World War and weak western powers allowed China to overcome the obstacles in acquiring the Cantonia in this Modern era.
With PRC in power, Cantonia fell into the hands of communists. Cantonian militias launched guerrilla warfare against the occupying Chinese Communist Party (CCP). CCP won and slaughtered thousands of Cantonian people including traders, landlords and peasants.
During the “Great Leap Forward” about 650,000 Cantonian people died and in the “Cultural Revolution” thousand lost their lives.
Cantonese Culture is mostly preserved in Hong Kong, Macau, and North America mostly as the famous martial artist “Bruce Lee” belonged of Cantonese descent.
Chinatowns across the world preserve the Cantonese culture and language in the most important way as these Chinatowns were formed by the Cantonese people who fled from Cantonia due to war or disruptions in the past.
China has severely tried to suppress the Cantonese language and badly destroyed the names of historic importance to Cantonia.
In the 2010 Asian Games, which were held in Canton, China decreased the Cantonese programs and instead promoted Mandarin.
Cantonia, like India, is a combination of diversity and has its own culture from all walks of life, walking together ahead as a nation of Cantonia, currently colonized by China.
Currently, China has been severely accused of Human Rights Violations in Cantonia. Many protests were launched against the Chinese Government (PRC) in different parts of the world, including the Hong Kong protest against China.
Still, Cantonia remains important to China as it gives China major control of the South China Sea.
In modern times. social media and blogs are used to showcase the struggle of Cantonia, but are banned by China or censored.
3. East Turkistan
East Turkistan consists of only one province of China, Xinjiang, but the most controversial one, due to its Human Rights Violation and Genocide cases against the Uygur Muslims by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government and Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The modern history of East Turkistan starts from the existence of the First East Turkistan Republic on November 12, 1933, till April 16, 1934. Again, the Second East Turkistan Republic was from November 12, 199 till December 22, 1949.
East Turkistan is a founding member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO).
The name Xinjiang was given by the Chinese when they took over the western regions. Originally, it is known as “East Turkistan” or “Uyghurstan”. Many different people coined these terms over time. The term “East Turkistan” was coined by Russian Turkologists and was, in turn, a replacement for “Chinese Turkistan”.
The name “Uyghurstan” is the most famous as it defines the land of Uyghur Muslims.
The Chinese are committing genocide to kill all the Uyghur Muslims that claim the land.
This involves the killing of Muslims with the killing of every religious person and even places of worship related to Islam in China.
Recent stories covered how the PLA forced people of the Uyghur community to change religion and even there were reports of ethnic cleansing as China categorises all the Uyghur Muslims as terrorists and wants to brainwash every person.
This is the most serious Human Rights violation on earth that is happening only after the Holocaust.
4. Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, also known as “Southern Mongolia” is often not mentioned in the global conversation about the Imperialist policy of China.
Inner Mongolia is fighting for its independence from the People’s Republic of China and to separate itself from the political clutches of the PRC.
“Inner Mongolian Independence Movement” often referred to as the “Southern Mongolian Independence Movement” is the fight against the Chinese Communist rule and to form “Greater Mongolia”
These movements are mainly led by the Mongolian Diaspora in various countries including Japan, the United States of America and many parts of Europe.
Inner Mongolia contributes to 12% of the total land of China and is a major contributor to the Chinese GDP.
The main parties involved in the movements are the Inner Mongolian People’s Party, Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance and Mongolian Liberal union, with a common goal of liberating Inner Mongolia and its unification with North Mongolia to form “Greater Mongolia”.
5. Manchuria
Manchuria is the most conflicted and battled overlapping area for several neighbouring nations of Northeast Asia or Northeast China.
Manchuria is the homeland for Jurchens (East Asian Tungusic-speaking people), who became known as Manchus, residing historically in Greater Manchuria, now in Northeast China.
Manchuria, over decades, has witnessed ethnic migration to lower the number of local tribes and replaced by the mainland Chinese people.
Currently, Han Chinese dominate Northeast China due to forced internal migration.
The forced internal migration has caused Manchus and several minority groups to leave their homeland, including Yemaek, Xianbei, Shiwel and Khitans.
Manchuria is also home to Mongols and Hui.
Manchuria often experiences unauthorized arrest of civilians, forced land penalties, and unreasonable jailing periods of civilians mostly the local groups.
“Operation Manchurian Freedom” was the first war for the freedom of Manchuria from Chinese occupation. The operation began in 1990 with the Siberian invasion.
The first phase was the invasion from the Siberia side and the second phase lasted for a longer period with several insurgencies followed by the “Second Manchurian War”.
6. Goetsu
Goetsu is the much less talked about region of China but has a large community struggling for basic values and inclusion into the society and complete exclusion from China.
Historically, Goetsu land was known as the “Wuyue Kingdom” and the people there were known as “Wuyue People” and it was an independent coastal kingdom ruled by the Qian family.
There have been several associations formed in the world, especially in the United States of America to support this movement and educate the world about the existence of the Wuyue people and about the land of Goetsu.
The Wuyue Independence Idea and the formation of Goetsu have become the core of many in eastern China, hoping for the revival of History and its heroes.
Currently, there is very little information available about the Goetsu Independence Movement on Internet and we hope on bringing a detailed article on the “Goetsu” as we are researching more.
7. Hookkien
Hookkien is the Southeastern part of China, consisting of only two current provinces, Jiangxi and Fujian. It is a language from the Minnan region and is well-spoken in nearby countries of Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines.
Hookian was once called the Lingua Franca amongst Chinese nationals, but today the Mandarin language has replaced it, as the Chinese Government forced it, since its inception.
The Hookkian land, after its fall into the hands of the Chinese Communist Party, has seen a downfall in maintaining its tribal culture and language, and this is the reason why many Chinese people overseas speak this language, as they fled the country with the incoming Communist Regime and the one-party dictatorship.
The Independence movement of Hookkian has always been at the back seat as the Communist Government here has successfully curbed the peoples’ demands because, any uprising in the nations of Cantonia, Goetsu, and Hookkian will block the Chinese access to the South China Sea.
8. Hong Kong
Hong Kong is an Independent Sovereign Nation, governed by the PRC as an autonomous state (SAR) under Article 2 of Hong Kong Basic Law, ratified by the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1997.
Since the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from the British to the PRC, the local residents of Hong Kong are worried about their freedom, since the encroachment of Hong Kong has substantially increased, which has forced the local Hong Kong residents to feel like second-class citizens.
The Hong Kong Independence movement has significantly gained the support of people all around the world, citing human rights violations and ethnic cleansing attempts by China.
Hong Kong Independence movement got an upper hand with the 2015 Hong Kong Electoral Reform, allowing Hongkongers to have Universal Suffrage, i.e. Right to Vote regardless of any social status either by race or status or gender or ethnicity.
In Hong Kong, according to a survey, around 68% of people demand Hong Kong as a separate nation, but only 3.6% think that it is actually possible to get rid of the Chinese government in Hong Kong.
9. Taiwan
Taiwan, officially known as the “Republic of China” is actually a split result of the Chinese Civil War, which gave the Chinese Communist Party with the People’s Republic of China the governing authority to Mainland China, which has colonized many other nations, and the original democratic governing party of China the “Republic of China” moved to Taiwan.
The PRC claims Taiwan as a part of China, which is highly resisted by Taiwan and the local Taiwanese people.
The Taiwan Independence Movement launched in support of Taiwan, against the PRC intervention and claims on Taiwan, seeks a formal recognition of Taiwan as an Independent Sovereign Nation, but is opposed by PRC on international platforms.
China opposes any nation trying to give international support to Taiwan or any sort of recognition.
10. Aksai Chin
Aksai Chin is a part of India, in the west of the Ladakh region.
The Chinese occupation here in Aksai Chin dated back several decades and was the main cause of the 1962 Indo-Sino war.
India has always opposed the Chinese occupation of Aksai Chin and any construction on the site, becomes a reason for a fresh dispute between India and China.
The Indian side has always stated the history and the British documents, which shows the inclusion of the whole region to the Kashmir Kingdom, and to Raja Gulab Singh under the suzerainty of the Sikh Empire, which ultimately became part of India.
China has attached this region with Tibet and Xinjiang, where human rights violation cases are growing.
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